The system that are traditionally considered part of strategic defense -- missile defense, the early-warning system, space surveillance and anti-satellite systems -- are currently included in the Air and Space Forces, a separate branch of Russia's Armed Forces, subordinated directly to the General Staff.

Early-warning system

Early-warning satellites

In November 2015 Russia launched the first satellite of the new-generation early-warning system, EKS (also known as Kupol), Cosmos-2510. As of 2024, there were six launches of new spacecraft. Four of them appeared to be operational as of May 2024.

With four satellites on orbit the system is believed to be capable to provide continuous coverage of all potential missile launch areas. Reliable detection would probably require deployment of a full constellation of ten satellites, some of which will be deployed on geosynchronous orbits.

The early-warning satellites were transmitting information in real time to the Western command centers at Serpukhov-15 (near Kurilovo, Kaluga oblast) and Eastern center near Komsomolsk-on-Amur. The information is processed there and transmitted to the command center in Solnechnogorsk.

Radars

As of 2024, the land-based component of the early-warning system included the following radars:

In addition to the dedicated early-warning radars, the Don-2N radar of the Moscow missile defense system and the Razvyazka radar near Chekhov are also used for early-warning and space surveillance.

Here is the Google Earth kmz file that shows radar fans as of 2024.

Missile defense

The Moscow missile defense system A-135 is operated by a missile defense division. The main command center of the system and the battle-management radar are located in Sofrino (Moscow oblast). The command center of the system and its radar are undergoing a software upgrade.

The system includes the Don-2N battle-management phased-array radar, command center, and 68 short-range interceptors of the 53T6 (Gazelle) type. The 32 long-range 51T6 (Gorgon) interceptors have been removed from the system. The short-range interceptors are deployed at five sites -- Lytkarino (16 interceptors), Sofrino (12), Korolev (12) Skhodnya (16), and Vnukovo (12). Long-range missiles used to be deployed with two units with headquarters in Naro-Fominsk-10 and Sergiyev Posad-15. The system was accepted for service in 1995.

Space surveillance

Space surveillance system is operated by the Main space-surveillance command center. To monitor objects on low earth orbits and determines parameters of their orbits, the system uses the the early-warning radar network.

The space surveillance network also includes the Krona system at Zelenchukskaya in the North Caucasus, which includes dedicated X-band space surveillance radars. Another system of this type is being deployed near Nakhodka on the Far East.

To monitor objects on high-altitude orbits, the space-surveillance system uses optical observations. The main optical observation station, Okno, is located in Nurek, Tajikistan. Its telescopes allow detection of object at altitudes of up to 40,000 km. The station began operations in 1999. Space-surveillance tasks are also assigned to observatories of the Russian Academy of Sciences.