In January 2020 Russia was estimated to have 532 strategic launchers that can carry about 2100 nuclear warheads. In its September 2019 New START data exchange Russia reported 513 deployed launchers with 1426 New START-accountable nuclear warheads.

The Strategic Rocket Forces were estimated to have as many as 320 operational missile systems that include missiles that can carry up to 1181 warheads. These include 46 R-36M2 (SS-18) missiles, 45 road-mobile Topol (SS-25) systems, 60 silo-based and 18 road-mobile Topol-M (SS-27) systems, and 149 RS-24 missiles.

The Russian strategic fleet includes 10 operational strategic missile submarines with SLBMs, whose missiles can carry 144 missiles with up to 656 nuclear warheads. Five operational Project 667BDRM submarines are based in the Northern Fleet. These submarines carry 80 R-29RM (SS-N-23) launchers. One Project 955 submarine with 16 Bulava SLBMs on board is also based in the Northern Fleet. The only remaining Pacific Fleet base hosts one 667BDR (Delta III) submarine, which carry 16 R-29R (SS-N-18) missiles and two Project 955 submarines with 32 Bulava SLBMs.

The Russian strategic aviation consists of 66 bombers that carry an estimated 200 long-range cruise missiles and bombs. The bombers are 11 Tu-160 (Blackjack) and 55 Tu-95MS (Bear H). The bombers can carry various modifications of the Kh-55 (AS-15) and Kh-101 cruise missiles and gravity bombs.

Russia operates three satellites of the new-generation early-warning system, EKS, and a network of early-warning radars.